Yuav ua li cas tshem tawm Taper yuam kev ntawm CNC-Turned Shafts nrog Precision Calibration

Yuav ua li cas tshem tawm Taper yuam kev ntawm CNC-Turned Shafts nrog Precision Calibration

Sau: PFT, Shenzhen

Paub meej: Taper yuam kev hauv CNC-tig shafts ho cuam tshuam qhov tseeb qhov tseeb thiab cov khoom haum, cuam tshuam kev sib dhos ua haujlwm thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom. Txoj kev tshawb no tshawb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem precision calibration raws tu qauv rau kev tshem tawm cov yuam kev no. Cov txheej txheem siv laser interferometry rau high-resolution volumetric yuam kev daim ntawv qhia thoob plaws lub tshuab cuab tam chaw ua hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsom rau geometric deviations contributes rau taper. Kev them nyiaj vectors, muab los ntawm daim ntawv qhia kev ua yuam kev, yog siv rau hauv CNC maub los. Kev sim validation ntawm shafts nrog nominal diameters ntawm 20mm thiab 50mm pom ib tug txo nyob rau hauv taper yuam kev los ntawm thawj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj 15µm / 100mm mus rau tsawg dua 2µm / 100mm tom qab calibration. Cov txiaj ntsig tau lees paub tias lub hom phiaj geometric yuam kev them nyiaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tsis raug thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev taw qhia, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshem tawm taper. Cov txheej txheem muaj cov tswv yim, cov ntaub ntawv-tsav mus kom ze rau kev ua tiav micron-theem qhov tseeb hauv precision ncej manufacturing, xav tau cov khoom siv ntsuas ntsuas. Kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej yuav tsum tshawb nrhiav kev ruaj ntseg mus sij hawm ntev ntawm kev them nyiaj thiab kev koom ua ke nrog kev saib xyuas hauv cov txheej txheem.

1 Kev Taw Qhia

Taper sib txawv, txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj kev hloov pauv diametric raws lub axis ntawm kev sib hloov hauv CNC-tig cylindrical Cheebtsam, tseem yog ib qho kev sib tw tsis tu ncua hauv kev tsim khoom. Cov kev ua yuam kev no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li cov kabmob haum, kev sib khi ruaj khov, thiab kev sib dhos kinematics, uas tuaj yeem ua rau ua tsis tiav ntxov lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo (Smith & Jones, 2023). Thaum cov yam ntxwv xws li cov cuab yeej hnav, thermal drift, thiab workpiece deflection ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev, qhov tsis raug geometric inaccuracies nyob rau hauv CNC tshuab dhos nws tus kheej-tshwj xeeb deviations nyob rau hauv linear positioning thiab angular alignment ntawm axes-yog pom tias yog thawj lub hauv paus ua rau systematic taper (Chen et al., 2020). Kev sim-thiab-kev ua yuam kev cov txheej txheem them nyiaj feem ntau siv sijhawm ntev thiab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv dav dav uas xav tau rau kev kho qhov yuam kev zoo thoob plaws tag nrho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm. Txoj kev tshawb no nthuav tawm thiab siv tau cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv laser interferometry los ntsuas thiab them nyiaj rau cov teeb meem geometric ncaj qha rau lub luag haujlwm rau taper tsim hauv CNC-tig shafts.

2 Txoj Kev Tshawb Fawb

2.1 Calibration Protocol Design

Lub hauv paus tsim muaj xws li ib tug sequential, volumetric yuam kev daim ntawv qhia thiab them nyiaj mus kom ze. Thawj qhov kev xav pom zoo uas ntsuas qhov tseeb thiab them nyiaj geometric yuam kev ntawm CNC tshuab dhos txoj kab ncaj nraim (X thiab Z) yuav ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov ntsuas tau taper hauv cov khoom tsim.

2.2 Kev Tau Txais Cov Ntaub Ntawv & Kev sim teeb tsa

• Tshuab cuab tam: A 3-axis CNC tig chaw (Ua: Okuma GENOS L3000e, Controller: OSP-P300) tau txais kev pab raws li lub xeem platform.

• Kev ntsuas ntsuas: Laser interferometer (Renishaw XL-80 laser taub hau nrog XD linear optics thiab RX10 teb axis calibrator) muab cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas traceable rau NIST cov qauv. Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb, qhov ncaj (hauv ob lub dav hlau), lub suab, thiab yaw yuam kev rau ob qho tib si X thiab Z axes tau ntsuas ntawm 100 hli ncua sij hawm hla kev mus ncig tag nrho (X: 300mm, Z: 600mm), raws li ISO 230-2: 2014 cov txheej txheem.

• Workpiece & Machining: Test shafts (Cov khoom: AISI 1045 steel, Dimensions: Ø20x150mm, Ø50x300mm) tau machined raws li tej yam kev mob (Txiav ceev: 200 m / min, Pub: 0.15 mm / rev, qhov tob ntawm txiav: 0.5 MG carbide, coated: 0.5mm MG carving 150608) ob qho tib si ua ntej thiab tom qab calibration. Coolant tau thov.

• Taper Measurement: Tom qab machining ncej diameters tau ntsuas ntawm 10 hli ntu raws li qhov ntev uas siv lub tshuab ntsuas kev ua haujlwm siab (CMM, Zeiss CONTURA G2, qhov yuam kev siab tshaj plaws: (1.8 + L / 350) µm). Taper yuam kev raug xam raws li txoj kab nqes ntawm txoj kab regression ntawm txoj kab uas hla vs.

2.3 Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Ua Haujlwm yuam kev

Volumetric yuam kev cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ntsuas laser tau ua tiav siv Renishaw's COMP software los tsim cov axis tshwj xeeb them nyiaj. Cov rooj no, uas muaj cov kev hloov kho raws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kab khiav tawm, qhov yuam kev angular, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ncaj, tau muab tso ncaj qha rau hauv lub tshuab cuab yeej geometric yuam kev them nyiaj tsis pub dhau ntawm CNC maub los (OSP-P300). Daim duab 1 qhia txog lub ntsiab geometric yuam kev Cheebtsam ntsuas.

3 Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb

3.1 Pre-Calibration yuam kev Mapping

Kev ntsuas laser qhia pom qhov txawv ntawm geometric sib txawv ua rau muaj peev xwm taper:

• Z-axis: Qhov yuam kev ntawm +28µm ntawm Z = 300mm, pitch yuam kev tsub zuj zuj ntawm -12 arcsec tshaj 600mm mus ncig.

• X-axis: Yaw yuam kev ntawm +8 arcsec tshaj 300mm mus ncig.
  Cov kev sib txawv no ua raws li qhov pom ua ntej calibration taper yuam kev ntsuas ntawm Ø50x300mm ncej, qhia nyob rau hauv Table 1. Cov qauv kev ua yuam kev tseem ceeb qhia tau hais tias muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm txoj kab uas hla mus rau qhov kawg ntawm tailstock.

Table 1: Taper Error Measurement Results

3.2 Tom qab Calibration Performance

Kev ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau txais txiaj ntsig tau ua rau txo qis hauv kev ntsuas taper yuam kev rau ob qho tib si xeem shafts (Table 1). Lub Ø50x300mm ncej nthuav tawm qhov txo qis ntawm +16.8µm / 100mm rau +1.7µm / 100mm, sawv cev rau kev txhim kho 89.9%. Ib yam li ntawd, Ø20x150mm ncej pom qhov txo qis ntawm +14.3µm / 100mm rau +1.1µm / 100mm (92.3% kev txhim kho). Daim duab 2 graphically sib piv cov diametric profiles ntawm Ø50mm ncej ua ntej thiab tom qab calibration, qhia kom meej qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub systematic taper sib. Qhov kev txhim kho no tshaj li cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm rau cov txheej txheem them nyiaj (piv txwv li, Zhang & Wang, 2022 qhia txog ~ 70% txo) thiab qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev them nyiaj ua yuam kev ntau dua.

4 Kev sib tham

4.1 Kev txhais cov ntsiab lus

Qhov tseem ceeb txo nyob rau hauv taper yuam kev ncaj qha validates lub hypothesis. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb yog kev kho ntawm Z-axis qhov yuam kev thiab lub suab sib txawv, uas ua rau lub cuab yeej txoj kev mus rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum uas tig mus trajectory txheeb ze rau spindle axis raws li lub tsheb thauj mus los Z. Kev them nyiaj tau zoo nullified no divergence. Qhov kev ua yuam kev seem (<2µm / 100mm) yuav tshwm sim los ntawm cov peev txheej tsawg dua rau kev them nyiaj geometric, xws li cov teebmeem thermal thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov cuab yeej deflection hauv kev txiav quab yuam, lossis ntsuas tsis paub meej.

4.2 Kev txwv

Txoj kev tshawb no tsom mus rau geometric yuam kev them nyiaj raws li kev tswj hwm, nyob ze-kub cua sib npaug ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm lub voj voog ua kom sov. Nws tsis tau qhia meej meej tus qauv los yog them nyiaj rau thermally induced yuam kev tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ncua ntau lawm khiav los yog tseem ceeb ambient kub hloov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuab nrog hnyav hnyav lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov kev taw qhia / ballscrews tsis raug ntsuas. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev txiav txim siab heev ntawm kev them nyiaj tsis muaj nuj nqis kuj dhau ntawm qhov tam sim no.

4.3 Cov kev cuam tshuam

Cov txheej txheem ua qauv qhia muab cov tuam txhab muaj zog, rov ua dua txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav qhov kev ua haujlwm siab cylindrical tig, qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv hauv aerospace, cov cuab yeej kho mob, thiab cov khoom siv tsheb ua haujlwm siab. Nws txo qis cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog taper non-conformance thiab txo qis kev cia siab rau tus neeg teb xov tooj txawj rau phau ntawv them nyiaj. Qhov yuav tsum tau rau laser interferometry sawv cev rau kev nqis peev tab sis yog tsim nyog rau cov chaw xav tau micron-theem kam rau ua.

5 Kev xaus

Txoj kev tshawb no tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb qhov tseeb calibration, siv laser interferometry rau volumetric geometric yuam kev daim duab qhia thiab tom qab CNC maub los them nyiaj, yog qhov zoo heev rau kev tshem tawm taper yuam kev hauv CNC tig shafts. Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tau pom tias txo qis tshaj 89%, ua tiav qhov seem taper hauv qab 2µm / 100mm. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb yog qhov raug them nyiaj ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis raug thiab angular deviations (pitch, yaw) hauv lub tshuab cuab yeej axes. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog:

1. Comprehensive geometric yuam kev daim phiaj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov txawv txav ua rau taper.

2. Kev them nyiaj ncaj qha ntawm cov kev sib txawv no hauv CNC maub los muab kev daws teeb meem zoo heev.

3. Cov txheej txheem muab kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv qhov tseeb qhov tseeb uas siv cov cuab yeej ntsuas ntsuas tus qauv.